Keep Earth Beautiful
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Coal is primarily Carbon = chemically C Secondary: Sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and many other chemicals toxic and non-toxic Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel, what means that Earth needed millions of years to produce it. |
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Relation between Coal and Diamonds Coal is an amorphous form of carbon, but it is not pure carbon. Complicated organic molecules of decomposed plant and animal material have been compressed for millions of years in the Earth's crust. Various geological processes have formed coal and changed its chemical composition, transforming coal into its nearly purest form called graphite. This process requires suitable conditions and millions of years to take place. Diamonds are formed deep inside the earth, where the temperatures and pressures are very high. The reason why coal and diamonds look different is the arrangement of carbon atoms in graphite and diamonds are different. Carbon atoms in coal are arranged in a hexagonal manner in graphite. Graphite is like layers of carbon atoms, stacked one over the other. In diamonds, each carbon atom is linked to 4 others in a tetrahedral manner. Diamonds have a pyramid-like structure. The flat sheets of the graphite can absorb lights of different wavelengths. The pyramid-like structure in diamonds are transparent and sparkling. How can Coal become a Diamond? The conversion of coal into diamond is a very rare event. The amount of impurities is very high, so it takes millions of years for the coal to transform to its nearly purest form - graphite. The natural conversion of graphite to diamonds needs additionally millions of years. Scientist can create diamonds in a laboratory in a very short time using special equipment and pure graphite. Graphite has to be exposed to temperatures above 2,000° F, and a very high pressure. It is really amazing that something dirty as coal can be transformed into something as beautiful as diamonds. Mother Nature has a great plan - humans just have learned a few bits of it. |